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| Toxicity Summary |
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| Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database |
| IDENTIFICATION AND USE: alpha-Terpineol is a colorless solid. It used in perfumes manufacturing; denaturing fats for soap manufacture; hydrocarbon solvent; solvent for resins, cellulose esters, and ethers; disinfectants; antioxidants; medicines; constituent of flavorings. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In human subjects, alpha-terpineol had a low irritative potency but a strong odor. Two dermatitis patients were reported to be sensitized to alpha-terpineol, although attempts to induce skin sensitization in volunteers using a dilute solution of alpha-terpineol were unsuccessful. Two fatalities described in the literature were both due to accidental ingestion of a pine oil-containing products and were attributed to combined toxicity of isopropanol and 1-alpha-terpineol. The regulatory properties of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) on the production of oxygen derived reactive species by human peripheral blood leukocytes activated in vitro was evaluated and found that alpha-terpineol significantly suppressed fMLP-, LPS- and PMA-stimulated superoxide production; suggesting the potential for selective regulation of cell types by these components during inflammation. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rabbits neat alpha-terpineol was a moderate skin irritant. Following acute oral exposure, a low toxicity was generally reported in rodents. Acute toxicity of pine oil (a commercially available disinfectant) after intravenous administration in horses was studied. alpha-Terpineol was identified as a major constituent of pine oil. alpha-Terpineol was recovered from equine tissues after iv injection of 0.1 mL/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within minutes. Indirect evidence of liver effects was seen in rats given repeated oral doses. No indication of lung carcinogenicity was seen in a limited study in mice (treated by injection). Terpineol caused a slight but dose-related increase in the number of his+ revertants with Salmonella TA102 tester strain both without and with activation. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP. |
| Source: DrugBank or Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
| Food Additive Safety (OFAS) |
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| ALPHA-TERPINEOL is used for COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT. More food additive safty information please view GRAS report. |