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Compound Summary

General Compound Information

3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon)

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Description

Sotolone is a butenolide. It has a role as a metabolite.

Synonyms

28664-35-9; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; Sotolone; 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one; sotolon;

4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone;2(5h)-FURANONE, 3-HYDROXY-4,5-DIMETHYL-;3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone;Sautalone;Caramel furanone;4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-2H-furan-5-one;FEMA No. 3634;2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-penten-4-olide;2,3-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-5-one;4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-2-furanone;2-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-2-buten-1,4-olide;T62RL2NEGW;3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one;DTXSID4047674;CHEBI:67890;caramel furanone (3% in triacetin);3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one;EINECS 249-136-4;UNII-T62RL2NEGW;3-Hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone;Sotolone-[13C2];SCHEMBL246671;CHEMBL3185688;DTXCID2027674;Tox21_302500;MFCD00059957;AKOS015915483;DS-4143;SB60893;NCGC00256815-01;2,3-dimethyl-4-oxidanyl-2H-furan-5-one;3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-Furan-2(5H)-one;CAS-28664-35-9;DB-003449;3,4-Dimethyl-2-hydroxy-2-butan-1,4-olide;CS-0035224;D1851;D5850;FT-0617204;Furan-2(5H)-one, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-;D82247;EN300-7418981;A819527;Q421173;W-107036;4,5-DIMETHYL-3-HYDROXY-2,5-DIHYDRO-2-FURANONE [FHFI];4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one, >=97%, FG;4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one, analytical standard;

FlavorDB ID

2948

PUBCHEM ID

Molecular Weight

128.13 Molecular Formula

C6H8O3

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UNYNVICDCJHOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Similarity

CATEGORY	QUALITY	THRESHOLD	OCCURENCE	REFERENCE
smell	seasoning-like	1.436e-3 µmol/L	cocoa powder	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	guava	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.889e-1 µmol/L	cognac	details
smell	soup seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	durian	details
smell		1.327e-2 µmol/L	durian	details
smell	maple-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	mango	details
smell	soup seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	durian	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	tomato	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.873e-1 µmol/L	rum red wine	details
smell	seasoning-like	4.917e-2 µmol/L	rum red wine	details
smell	seasoning-like	4.917e-2 µmol/L	rum red wine	details
smell	spicy	1.436e-3 µmol/L	forastero cocoa beans	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	jackfruit	details
smell	seasoning-like	1.327e-2 µmol/L	barley tea	details

Toxicity Summary
Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database

Food Additive Safety (OFAS)
4,5-DIMETHYL-3-HYDROXY-2,5-DIHYDROFURAN-2-ONE is used for FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT. More food additive safty information please view GRAS report.

EFSA's chemical Hazards Database : OpenFoodTox
This compound is found in OpenFoodTox with the name: 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one

Reference point : Defined point on an experimental dose–response relationship for the critical effect. This term is synonymous to Point of departure (USA). Reference points include the lowest or no observed adverse effect level (LOAEL/NOAEL) or benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BDML), used to derive a reference value or Margin of Exposure in human and animal health risk assessment. In the ecological area, these include lethal dose (LD50), effect concentration (EC5/ECx), no (adverse) effect concentration/dose (NOEC/NOAEC/NOAED), no (adverse) effect level (NEL/NOAEL), hazard concentration (HC5/HCx) derived from a Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for the ecosystem (EFSA Scientific Committee,2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

Reference point information of this compound is not available!

Reference Value

Reference Value : The estimated maximum dose (on a body mass basis) or the concentration of an agent to which an individual may be exposed over a specified period without appreciable risk. Reference values are established by applying an uncertainty factor to the reference point. Examples of reference values in human health include acceptable daily intake (ADI) for food and feed additives, and pesticides, tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamins and minerals, and tolerable daily intake (TDI) for contaminants and food contact materials. For acute effects and operators, the acute reference dose (ARfD) and the acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL). In animal health and the ecological area, these include safe feed concentrations and the Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) respectively (EFSA Scientific Committee, 2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

OUTPUT ID	ASSESSMENT	QUALIFIER	VALUE	UNIT	POPULATION
2328	TTC Cramer Class III	=	1.5	µg/kg bw/day	Consumers
2783	MSI/FC	=	0.05	mg/kg	Pigs
2783	MSI/FC	=	0.05	mg/kg	Poultry
2783	MSI/FC	=	0.08	mg/kg	Animal not used for food production - unspecified
2783	MSI/FC	=	0.08	mg/kg	Cattle
2783	MSI/FC	=	0.08	mg/kg	Salmons

Genotoxicity

Author	YEAR	OUTPUT ID	Genotoxicity
EFSA CEF	2009	2022	Ambiguous
EFSA CEF	2013	2328	Negative
EFSA FAF	2019	3219	Negative
EFSA FEEDAP	2014	2783	Negative

EFSA Outputs

Output ID	Title	DOI	Published
2022	Flavouring Group Evaluation 217: alpha,beta-Unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones.	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1068	30Apr2009
2328	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217, Revision 1 (FGE.217Rev1). Consideration of genotoxic potential for alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones. EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3304	25Jul2013
2783	Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of furanones and tetrahydrofurfuryl derivatives: 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methylfuran-2(5H)-one and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (chemical group 13) when used as flavourings for all animal species	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3608	25Mar2014
3219	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217 Revision 2 (FGE.217Rev2), consideration of genotoxic potential for a,b-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: lactones	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5568	25Jan2019

Receptors

Receptor	REFERENCE	EC50 [µM]	Effective Concentration [µM]
OR8D1	details	Activated

GC-MS Consensus Spectra

GC-MS Consensus Spectra information of this compound is not available!

Content

Compound Summary

3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon)

Description

Sotolone is a butenolide. It has a role as a metabolite.

Synonyms

28664-35-9; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; Sotolone; 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one; sotolon;

FlavorDB ID

2948

PUBCHEM ID

62835

Molecular Weight

128.13

Molecular Formula

C6H8O3

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UNYNVICDCJHOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Network

Shown in network

Similarity

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Content

Compound Summary

3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon)

Description

Sotolone is a butenolide. It has a role as a metabolite.

Synonyms

28664-35-9; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; Sotolone; 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one; sotolon;

FlavorDB ID

2948

PUBCHEM ID

62835

Molecular Weight

128.13

Molecular Formula

C6H8O3

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UNYNVICDCJHOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Network

Shown in network

Similarity

Show/Hide similarity panel

Reference Details

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Reference Details

OpenFoodTox: component 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one

Reference Details