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Compound Summary

General Compound Information

alpha-ionone

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Description

Alpha-ionone is an ionone, an enone and a methyl ketone.

Synonyms

ALPHA-IONONE; 127-41-3; Iraldeine; (E)-alpha-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one;

(E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one;Irisone;3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (3E)-;a-ionone;alpha-Ionon;Ionone, alpha-;trans-alpha-Ionone;alpha-(E)-ionone;FEMA No. 2594;alpha-Cyclocitrylideneacetone;(3E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one;4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one;6901-97-9;3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E)-;.alpha.-Cyclocitrylideneacetone;DTXSID0035160;CHEBI:32319;.alpha.-Ionone;I9V075M61R;NSC34560;(E)-(1)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one;31798-12-6;alpha-Ionone (natural);beta-lonone;Cyclocitrylideneacetone, alpha-;beta-lonone (natural);EINECS 204-841-6;EINECS 250-293-6;(+-)-trans-alpha-Ionone;UNII-I9V075M61R;alpha-Jonone;alpha -ionone;Nat. Alpha Ionone;EINECS 230-010-2;EINECS 232-396-8;EINECS 238-362-9;EINECS 250-812-6;MFCD00001565;NSC 34560;alpha-Ionone Bri FCC;IONONE, ALPHA;AI3-16056;alpha-Ionone, >=90%;UNII-QP734LIN1K;(5E)-IONONE;4,7-Megastigmadien-9-one;ALPHA-IONONE [FCC];QP734LIN1K;(E)-.ALPHA.-IONONE;alpha-Ionone (>90per cent);SCHEMBL112670;.ALPHA.-IONONE [MI];CHEMBL472877;.ALPHA.-IONONE [FHFI];DTXCID8015160;alpha-Ionone, natural, >=86%;HSDB 8268;alpha-Ionone, analytical standard;(+/-)-.ALPHA.-IONONE;(-)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one;3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-;Tox21_301173;alpha-Ionone, technical grade, 90%;NSC-34560;STL570068;AKOS000120391;AKOS016843502;(+/-)-TRANS-.ALPHA.-IONONE;DS-3418;alpha-Ionone, technical, >=90% (GC);NCGC00164008-01;NCGC00164008-02;NCGC00255071-01;CAS-127-41-3;CS-0149165;I0076;EN300-20383;A889200;W-108383;Q27114869;(e)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one;(?)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one;(3E)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-on;(E)-4-(2,6,6-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)-3-BUTEN-2-ONE;3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E)-(.+/-.)-;

FlavorDB ID

3052

PUBCHEM ID

Molecular Weight

192.3 Molecular Formula

C13H20O

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1=CCCC(C1C=CC(=O)C)(C)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-BQYQJAHWSA-N

Network

Similarity

CATEGORY	QUALITY	THRESHOLD	OCCURENCE	REFERENCE
smell	violet, flowery		water	details
smell	violet, flowery	3.643e-5 µmol/L	water	details

Toxicity Summary
Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Alpha-ionone (AI) is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid. AI is a fragrance ingredient in perfumery, in cosmetics and personal care products, in household cleaners and detergents. Flavoring agent in beverages, baked goods, and candies. Used as an ingredient in dog/cat repellent. It is registered for pesticide use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: AI (32 % in acetone) was found to be a moderate irritant. No reactions were observed with 1% AI; 5% AI produced one irritant/questionable reaction. ANIMAL STUDIES: No skin irritation was observed in miniature swine using neat AI. In guinea pigs AI was reported to be moderately irritating in skin test. AI produced severe skin irritation reaction in rabbits. AI was tested in a 90-days oral toxicity study using male and female rats. Body weigh gains and feed intake were reduced slightly in both males and females (10 mg/kg). In rats diet containing mixture of AI (60%) and beta-ionone produced swelling of hepatic parenchymal cells after 17 weeks. No mutagenic activity was observed in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 when treated with AI at concentrations up to approximately 50 ug/plate with and without metabolic activation. AI at 25 mM concentration caused significant increases in chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster cells. A micronucleus test in mice was negative.
Source: DrugBank or Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Food Additive Safety (OFAS)
ALPHA-IONONE is used for FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT. More food additive safty information please view GRAS report.

EFSA's chemical Hazards Database : OpenFoodTox
This compound is found in OpenFoodTox with the name: alpha-Ionone

Reference point : Defined point on an experimental dose–response relationship for the critical effect. This term is synonymous to Point of departure (USA). Reference points include the lowest or no observed adverse effect level (LOAEL/NOAEL) or benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BDML), used to derive a reference value or Margin of Exposure in human and animal health risk assessment. In the ecological area, these include lethal dose (LD50), effect concentration (EC5/ECx), no (adverse) effect concentration/dose (NOEC/NOAEC/NOAED), no (adverse) effect level (NEL/NOAEL), hazard concentration (HC5/HCx) derived from a Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for the ecosystem (EFSA Scientific Committee,2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

Output ID	SPECIES	Route	Duration Days	END POINT	QUALIFIER	VALUE	UNIT	EFFECT	Toxicity
2130	Rat	Not reported	90	NOEL	=	10	mg/kg bw/day	not reported	not reported
2376	Rat	Not reported	90	NOEL	=	10	mg/kg bw/day	not reported	not reported
2822	Rat	oral: feed	91	NOAEL	=	10	mg/kg bw/day	food consumption	systemic

Reference Value

Reference Value : The estimated maximum dose (on a body mass basis) or the concentration of an agent to which an individual may be exposed over a specified period without appreciable risk. Reference values are established by applying an uncertainty factor to the reference point. Examples of reference values in human health include acceptable daily intake (ADI) for food and feed additives, and pesticides, tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamins and minerals, and tolerable daily intake (TDI) for contaminants and food contact materials. For acute effects and operators, the acute reference dose (ARfD) and the acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL). In animal health and the ecological area, these include safe feed concentrations and the Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) respectively (EFSA Scientific Committee, 2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

OUTPUT ID	ASSESSMENT	QUALIFIER	VALUE	UNIT	POPULATION
2442	TTC Cramer Class I	=	30	µg/kg bw/day	Consumers
2672	TTC Cramer Class I	=	30	µg/kg bw/day	Consumers
2822	MSI/FC	=	0.9	mg/kg	Cats as pet
2822	MSI/FC	=	1.7	mg/kg	Chicken for egg production
2822	MSI/FC	=	1.7	mg/kg	Chicken for meat production
2822	MSI/FC	=	2	mg/kg	Pigs - less than 1 year old
2822	MSI/FC	=	2.9	mg/kg	Cattle for milk production
2822	MSI/FC	=	3	mg/kg	Turkeys for meat production
2822	MSI/FC	=	3.3	mg/kg	Pigs for meat production
2822	MSI/FC	=	3.3	mg/kg	Pigs for reproduction
2822	MSI/FC	=	4.4	mg/kg	Cattle for meat production
2822	MSI/FC	=	5	mg/kg	Cattle for meat production - less than 1 year old
2822	MSI/FC	=	5	mg/kg	Salmons
2822	MSI/FC	=	5.3	mg/kg	Dogs as pet

Genotoxicity

Author	YEAR	OUTPUT ID	Genotoxicity
EFSA CEF	2009	2013	Ambiguous
EFSA CEF	2012	2130	No data
EFSA CEF	2013	2376	No data
EFSA CEF	2014	2442	Negative
EFSA CEF	2015	2672	Negative
EFSA FEEDAP	2016	2822	Not determined

EFSA Outputs

Output ID	Title	DOI	Published
2013	Flavouring Group Evaluation 210: alpha,beta-Unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19.	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1030	02Apr2009
2130	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 73, Revision 1 (FGE.73Rev1): Consideration of alicyclic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to primary saturated or unsaturated alicyclic alcohol, aldehyde, and esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.12Rev2 (2011)EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2638	28Mar2012
2376	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 73, Revision 2 (FGE.73Rev2): Consideration of alicyclic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to primary saturated or unsaturated alicyclic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.12Rev3 (2012). EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3393	16Oct2013
2442	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 210, Revision 1 (FGE.210Rev1): Consideration of genotoxic potential for alpha,beta-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19.	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3587	19Feb2014
2672	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 210 Revision 2 (FGE.210Rev2): Consideration of genotoxic potential for alpha,beta-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4172	10Jul2015
2822	Safety and efficacy of secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ketals and esters with ketals containing alicyclic alcohols or ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 when used as flavourings for all animal species	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4475	03Jun2016

Receptors

Receptor information of this compound is not available!

GC-MS Consensus Spectra

GC-MS Consensus Spectra information of this compound is not available!

Content

Compound Summary

alpha-ionone

Description

Alpha-ionone is an ionone, an enone and a methyl ketone.

Synonyms

ALPHA-IONONE; 127-41-3; Iraldeine; (E)-alpha-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one;

FlavorDB ID

3052

PUBCHEM ID

5282108

Molecular Weight

192.3

Molecular Formula

C13H20O

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1=CCCC(C1C=CC(=O)C)(C)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-BQYQJAHWSA-N

Network

Shown in network

Similarity

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Content

Compound Summary

alpha-ionone

Description

Alpha-ionone is an ionone, an enone and a methyl ketone.

Synonyms

ALPHA-IONONE; 127-41-3; Iraldeine; (E)-alpha-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one;

FlavorDB ID

3052

PUBCHEM ID

5282108

Molecular Weight

192.3

Molecular Formula

C13H20O

Openeye Can Smiles

CC1=CCCC(C1C=CC(=O)C)(C)C

IUPAC Inchikey

UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-BQYQJAHWSA-N

Network

Shown in network

Similarity

Show/Hide similarity panel

Reference Details

Reference Details

OpenFoodTox: component alpha-Ionone