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| CATEGORY | QUALITY | THRESHOLD | OCCURENCE | REFERENCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| smell | almond, sweet | water | details | |
| smell | almond, sweet | 3.083e-2 µmol/L | water | details |
| Toxicity Summary |
|---|
| Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database |
| IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is a solid. It is used as moth repellent, general insecticide, germicide, space odorant, in manufacture of 2,5-dichloroaniline, dyes, intermediates, pharmacy, agriculture (fumigating soil). HUMAN STUDIES: Fumes from the surface of hot p-DCB may irritate skin slightly when contact is repeated or prolonged. Leukoencephalopathy has been described following ingestion of p-DCB mothballs. Hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia is more rarely reported in such cases. p-DCB increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the absence of metabolic activation. ANIMAL STUDIES: p-DCB induces renal tumors specifically in male rats through an alpha2u-globulin-associated response. p-DCB failed to exhibit genotoxic effects in vivo, exhibiting negative responses in unscheduled DNA synthesis, in the chromosome aberration assay, in the dominant lethal assay, and in the in vivo micronucleus assay. It was reported as positive in one DNA strand breakage assay and in one in vivo micronucleus assay. p-DCB bound to DNA in the liver, lung, and kidney of mice but not in that of male rats. It also induced DNA damage in the liver and spleen but not in the kidney, lung, or bone marrow of mice. p-DCB was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, or TA 1537 with or without metabolic activation. Acute and subchronic neurotoxicity studies have been performed with p-DCB. In rats, acute exposure to p-DCB at the rate of 50, 200 or 600 ppm caused decreased forelimb and hindlimb grip strengths and motor activity in males but not females at the high-dose. p-DCB was not teratogenic in rabbits. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Acute and chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 1,120 and 763 ug/L. Acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,970 ug/L. p-DCB was toxic to cell cultures of the tomato, soybean, and carrot. Concentrations of 0.5 mM caused 50% growth inhibition in carrot and soybean cultures. The tomato cultures were more sensitive, with 0.05 mM causing 50% growth inhibition. |
| Source: DrugBank or Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
| Spectrum Type | Spectrum View | Description | Polarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental GCMS | view | GCMS | positive |