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ClassyFire Ontology
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| CATEGORY | QUALITY | THRESHOLD | OCCURENCE | REFERENCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| smell | rose-like, citrus-like | 7.131e-3 µmol/L | details | |
| smell | rose-like, citrus-like | 1.621e-2 µmol/L | details | |
| smell | flowery | 7.131e-3 µmol/L | passion fruit | details |
| smell | fruity | 2.593e-1 µmol/L | andes berry | details |
| smell | rose-like, citrus-like | 4.344e-7 µmol/L | details | |
| smell | floral, rose-like | 7.131e-3 µmol/L | dry hopped beer | details |
| smell | rose-like, citrus-like | 7.131e-3 µmol/L | green tea | details |
| Toxicity Summary |
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| Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database |
| IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Geraniol is colorless to pale-yellow, liquid oil. It has a sweet rose like odor. Geraniol is one of the most frequently used terpenoid fragrance materials. It can be used in all flowery-rose like compositions and does not discolor soaps. In flavor compositions, geraniol is used in small quantities to accentuate citrus notes. It is also used in alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, baked goods, chewing gum, frozen dairy, gelatin (pudding), gravies, hard candy, meat products, soft candy. It is an important intermediate in the manufacture of geranyl esters, citronellol, and citral. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A report of a 32 year old female patient working in a company for baking ingredients, who had been handling grated lemon peel and lemon oil for several years, developed allergic contact dermatitis of the fingers of both her hands. The material responsible for the dermatitis was identified as geraniol in both lemon peel and lemon oil and it proved to be the only source of the allergic reaction. In a human patch test, geraniol at a 32% concentration was severely irritating and geranyl acetate mildly irritating. Occupational exposure to geraniol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where geraniol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to geraniol by inhalation through use of consumer products, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing geraniol. Single compounds (SC) of fragrance mix (FM) contribute differently to FM patch test reactions. The data collected by the Information Networks of the Departments of Dermatology multicenter project from 1996-2002 were analyzed. SCs were tested in a selected group of patients, ranging from n=1083 to n=1924 per year. Reactions to SCs in FM positive patients were observed in 29% (oak moss absolute) to 5.9% geraniol. There was no time trend in reactions to SC"s, although the relative share was increased for isoeugenol, cinnamic aldehyde and geraniol in 1999. ANIMAL STUDIES: Geraniol is described as not irritating in the rabbit acute dermal irritation corrosion test. It was not sensitizing in the guinea pig maximization test. Groups of five male and five female weanling rats were given diets containing geraniol for 16 weeks. No treatment related effects on growth, hematological parameters or organ weights, or on macroscopic or microscopic changes in the tissues were observed. An in vitro chromosomal aberration test was conducted in Chinese hamster fibroblast without metabolic activation. Three doses of geraniol were examined and the results were equivocal. Polyploidization effects were observed. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations at 48 hours was in the range considered negative. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Essential oil constituents were tested for their neurophysiological effects in Periplaneta americana cockroach and Blaberus discoidalis cockroach. Geraniol had similar depressive effects but increased spontaneous firing at lower doses. Similar effects occurred in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, recorded intracellularly in the isolated terminal abdominal ganglion of P. americana. |
| Source: DrugBank or Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
| Food Additive Safety (OFAS) |
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| GERANIOL is used for FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT. More food additive safty information please view GRAS report. |
| EFSA's chemical Hazards Database : OpenFoodTox |
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| This compound is found in OpenFoodTox with the name: Geraniol |