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Classification
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Toxicity & Safety
Receptors

Compound Summary

General Compound Information

gamma-nonalactone

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Description

Flavouring ingredient. It is used in coconut flavours.

Synonyms

104-61-0; Gamma-nonalactone; gamma-Nonanolactone; 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; 5-pentyloxolan-2-one;

2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-;Prunolide;gamma-Nonanolide;Nonan-1,4-olide;Cocos aldehyde;Coconut aldehyde;4-Nonanolide;1,4-Nonalolide;4-Pentyl-butanolide;Aldehyde C-18;DIHYDRO-5-PENTYL-2(3H)-FURANONE;FEMA No. 2781;gamma-Nonanoic lactone;.gamma.-Nonalactone;rac-gamma-Nonanolactone;.gamma.-n-Amylbutyrolactone;I1XGH66S8P;delta-n-Amylbutyrolactone;CHEMBL191935;DTXSID0034229;Dihydro-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one;4-Hydroxynonanoic acid gamma-lactone;NSC-24253;NSC-46099;apricolin;4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, .gamma.-lactone;4-Nonalactone;gamma-Nonylactone;gamma-Nonyllactone;Nonan-4-olide;82373-92-0;gamma-Pelargolactone;1,4-Nonyl lactone;FEMA Number 2781;gamma-N-Amylbutyrolactone;gamma-Amyl-gamma-butyrolactone;gamma-Pentyl-gamma-butyrolactone;HSDB 5360;EINECS 203-219-1;4-Amyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone;4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, gamma-lactone;UNII-I1XGH66S8P;Nonanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone;AI3-02457;4-Pentylbutanolide;.gamma.-Nonalacton;.gamma.-Nonanolide;MFCD00005403;NSC 24253;NSC 46099;gamma-Pelargonolactone;.gamma.-Nonanolactone;NONYL LACTONE;gamma -Nonanoic lactone;.gamma.-Amylbutyrolactone;.gamma.-Nonanoic lactone;5-Pentyl-.gamma.-lactone;EC 203-219-1;gamma-Nonanoic lactone, 97%;SCHEMBL112484;4-Hydroxynonanoic acid lactone;5-Pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one;GAMMA-NONALACTONE [FCC];DTXCID8014229;GAMMA-NONALACTONE [INCI];5-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-one;OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-;(.+/-.)-.gamma.-Nonalactone;5-Pentyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone;Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanon;.gamma.-Amyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone;.GAMMA.-NONALACTONE [FHFI];NSC24253;NSC46099;(3H)-Dihydro-5-pentyl-2-furanone;5-Pentyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone #;Tox21_301039;BBL027520;BDBM50167995;LMFA07040021;STL373781;AKOS015904806;CS-W017997;DS-3247;DELTA-N-AMYLBUTYROLACTONE [HSDB];NCGC00164129-01;NCGC00164129-02;NCGC00254941-01;CAS-104-61-0;gamma-Nonanoic lactone, >=98%, FCC, FG;gamma-Nonanoic lactone, natural, 98%, FG;FT-0686718;N0285;Nonanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, .gamma.-lactone;D70273;EN300-342288;gamma-Nonalactone, analytical reference material;J-001202;Q11255995;Z1255430984;

FlavorDB ID

2889

PUBCHEM ID

Molecular Weight

156.22 Molecular Formula

C9H16O2

Openeye Can Smiles

CCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1

IUPAC Inchikey

OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Network

Similarity

CATEGORY	QUALITY	THRESHOLD	OCCURENCE	REFERENCE
smell		1.728e-1 µmol/L	apricot	details
smell	coconut-like	6.209e-2 µmol/L		details
smell	coconut-like	1.728e-1 µmol/L		details
smell	fruity	6.209e-2 µmol/L	gulupa fruit	details
smell	coconut-like	6.209e-2 µmol/L	licorice	details
smell		2.689e-1 µmol/L	rum red wine	details
smell		3.300e+3 µg/kg	gluten-free rice bread wheat bread	details
smell	coconut-like	6.209e-2 µmol/L	barley tea	details

Toxicity Summary
Link to the Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is an essential oil used in perfumery and flavors. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone was tested at a concentration of 10% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. Tested at 10% in petrolatum, Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 90-day feeding study on 15 male and 15 female rats fed 0 or 67.5 mg/kg Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone body wt/day showed no adverse effect. 0.1-0.5% Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone fed to groups of 20 male and female rats in diet for 2 yr produced no effects. In a 2-wk study, 61.4 mg/kg Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone fed to rats in the diet produced no effects. Gamma-nonalactone applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was slightly irritating.
Source: DrugBank or Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Food Additive Safety (OFAS)
GAMMA-NONALACTONE is used for FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT. More food additive safty information please view GRAS report.

EFSA's chemical Hazards Database : OpenFoodTox
This compound is found in OpenFoodTox with the name: Nonano-1,4-lactone

Reference point : Defined point on an experimental dose–response relationship for the critical effect. This term is synonymous to Point of departure (USA). Reference points include the lowest or no observed adverse effect level (LOAEL/NOAEL) or benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BDML), used to derive a reference value or Margin of Exposure in human and animal health risk assessment. In the ecological area, these include lethal dose (LD50), effect concentration (EC5/ECx), no (adverse) effect concentration/dose (NOEC/NOAEC/NOAED), no (adverse) effect level (NEL/NOAEL), hazard concentration (HC5/HCx) derived from a Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for the ecosystem (EFSA Scientific Committee,2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

Reference point information of this compound is not available!

Reference Value

Reference Value : The estimated maximum dose (on a body mass basis) or the concentration of an agent to which an individual may be exposed over a specified period without appreciable risk. Reference values are established by applying an uncertainty factor to the reference point. Examples of reference values in human health include acceptable daily intake (ADI) for food and feed additives, and pesticides, tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamins and minerals, and tolerable daily intake (TDI) for contaminants and food contact materials. For acute effects and operators, the acute reference dose (ARfD) and the acceptable operator exposure level (AOEL). In animal health and the ecological area, these include safe feed concentrations and the Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) respectively (EFSA Scientific Committee, 2018). Citation: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4740174

OUTPUT ID	ASSESSMENT	QUALIFIER	VALUE	UNIT	POPULATION
616	MSI/FC	=	19	mg/kg	Chicken for egg production
616	MSI/FC	=	19	mg/kg	Chicken for meat production
616	MSI/FC	=	22	mg/kg	Pigs - less than 1 year old
616	MSI/FC	=	34	mg/kg	Turkeys for meat production
616	MSI/FC	=	36	mg/kg	Cattle for milk production
616	MSI/FC	=	37	mg/kg	Pigs for meat production
616	MSI/FC	=	37	mg/kg	Pigs for reproduction
616	MSI/FC	=	56	mg/kg	Cats as pet
616	MSI/FC	=	56	mg/kg	Cattle for meat production
616	MSI/FC	=	56	mg/kg	Cattle for meat production - less than 1 year old
616	MSI/FC	=	56	mg/kg	Salmons
616	MSI/FC	=	67	mg/kg	Dogs as pet
616	critical study not identified		0		Workers

Genotoxicity

Author	YEAR	OUTPUT ID	Genotoxicity
EFSA FEEDAP	2012	616	No data

EFSA Outputs

Output ID	Title	DOI	Published
616	Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of primary aliphatic saturated or unsaturated alcohols/aldehydes/acids/acetals/esters with a second primary, secondary or tertiary oxygenated functional group including aliphatic lactones (chemical group 9) when used as flavourings for all animal species	doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2928	26Oct2012

Receptors

Receptor information of this compound is not available!

Consensus Spectra

Spectrum Type	Spectrum View	Description	Polarity
Experimental GCMS	view	GCMS	positive

Content

Compound Summary

gamma-nonalactone

Description

Flavouring ingredient. It is used in coconut flavours.

Synonyms

104-61-0; Gamma-nonalactone; gamma-Nonanolactone; 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; 5-pentyloxolan-2-one;

FlavorDB ID

2889

PUBCHEM ID

7710

Molecular Weight

156.22

Molecular Formula

C9H16O2

Openeye Can Smiles

CCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1

IUPAC Inchikey

OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Similarity

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Content

Compound Summary

gamma-nonalactone

Description

Flavouring ingredient. It is used in coconut flavours.

Synonyms

104-61-0; Gamma-nonalactone; gamma-Nonanolactone; 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; 5-pentyloxolan-2-one;

FlavorDB ID

2889

PUBCHEM ID

7710

Molecular Weight

156.22

Molecular Formula

C9H16O2

Openeye Can Smiles

CCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1

IUPAC Inchikey

OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Network

Shown in network

Similarity

Show/Hide similarity panel

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

Reference Details

OpenFoodTox: component Nonano-1,4-lactone

GC-MS Spectrum